Constructed Wetland Association
Reading List on Constructed Wetland and Reed Bed Treatment systems
Prepared by Paul Cooper for the Constructed Wetland Association (CWA)
Constructed Wetland Processes in General
Most of the papers relate to Sewage Treatment since that is the field in which the processes developed and still has its widest application.
The best source of information is to be found in the papers presented at the biennial conferences of the Specialist Group on “The use of macrophytes in water pollution control” which is part of the International Water Association IWA]. There have been 10 conferences in the period 1988 to 2006. These have been generally titled “Wetland Systems in/ for Water Pollution Control”. If possible get the conference pre-prints [unlikely except where you know authors/delegates] but if that is not possible go to the issues of Water Science and Technology listed below for selected papers (about one third to one half of the papers presented) from the conferences.
Prepared by Paul Cooper for the Constructed Wetland Association (CWA)
Constructed Wetland Processes in General
Most of the papers relate to Sewage Treatment since that is the field in which the processes developed and still has its widest application.
The best source of information is to be found in the papers presented at the biennial conferences of the Specialist Group on “The use of macrophytes in water pollution control” which is part of the International Water Association IWA]. There have been 10 conferences in the period 1988 to 2006. These have been generally titled “Wetland Systems in/ for Water Pollution Control”. If possible get the conference pre-prints [unlikely except where you know authors/delegates] but if that is not possible go to the issues of Water Science and Technology listed below for selected papers (about one third to one half of the papers presented) from the conferences.
1) Hammer, D A (Editor) (1989)
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.
Lewis publishers Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, pp 831. [This is now regarded as the 1st conference in the series although it not was designated as such at the time.] The book contains all the papers presented at the conference.
2) Cooper, P F and Findlater, B C (Editors) (1990)
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.
Lewis publishers Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, pp 831. [This is now regarded as the 1st conference in the series although it not was designated as such at the time.] The book contains all the papers presented at the conference.
2) Cooper, P F and Findlater, B C (Editors) (1990)
Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control
Published by Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, pp 605 as part of the “Advances in Water Pollution Control “ series of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control [now part of IWA]. This book contains all the papers presented at the 2nd conference.
All the subsequent conference proceedings have been published in:
Control [now part of IWA]. This book contains all the papers presented at the 2nd conference.
All the subsequent conference proceedings have been published in:
3) Volume 29, No. 4, 1994, Wetland Systems in Water Pollution Control [selected papers from 3rd conference, held in Sydney, Australia, November, 1992]
4) Volume 32, No.3, 1995, Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control 1994 [selected papers from 4th conference, held in Guangzhou, China, November, 1994]
5) Volume 35, No. 5, 1997,Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control 1996 [selected papers from the 5th conference held in Vienna, Austria, September, 1996]
6) Volume 40, No. 3, 1999, Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control 1998 [selected papers from the 6th conference held at Sao Pedro, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, September, 1998]
7) Volume 44, Nos. 11/12, December, 2001, Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control 2000 [selected papers from the 7th conference held at Orlando, Florida, USA, November, 2000.
8) Volume 48, No. 5, October, 2003, Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control VIII [selected papers from the 8th conference, Arusha, Tanzania, September, 2002
9) Volume 51, No.9 , July 2005, Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control IX
[selected papers from the 9th conference, Avignon, France, September 2004]
10) Volume 56 , No.3 , August 2007, Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control X
[selected papers from the 10th conference, Lisbon, Portugal, September 2006]
Wastewater treatment [mainly Sewage treatment]
Cooper, P F, Job, G D, Green, M B and Shutes, R B E (1996)
Reed Beds and Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
published by WRc Publications, Swindon, Wiltshire, UK pp 206.
[This book was published by WRc and Severn Trent Water to update the European guidelines (see below) which by then were 6 years old and had become outdated by the rapid advances in the technology. It concentrates on UK experience in design and performance including Case Studies for different processes for HF secondary and tertiary and VF secondary and tertiary and Storm Sewage treatment. This book and the accompanying Database (on a CD Rom) containing site and performance data are still the best sources of performance data for Constructed Wetland systems in the UK. On publication in 1996 the Database contained data from 154 sites in the UK. In 1999 the Constructed Wetland Association took over responsibility for the Database and it has now been updated on 10 occasions. The CWA Database now contains information on 1,030 sites of which about 200 have performance data. It also contains 8 Case Studies covering the commonest treatment applications. ]
International Water Association (2000)
Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control, Processes, Performance, Design and Operation. IWA Scientific and Technical Report No 8, May 2000, pp156. IWA Publishing, London, UK.
[Produced by the IWA Specialist Group on Use Of Macrophytes in Water Pollution Control. This report summarises the experiences with the different forms of CW that exist throughout the World but mainly those in Europe and North America. Contains a large Bibliography of mainly American material.]
BRE (2000)
Reed beds: design, construction and maintenan ce.Good Building Guide, GBG 42, Part 1.
Published by CRC Ltd., Watford, UK.
BRE (2000)
Reed beds: application and specification. Good Building Guide, GBG 42, Part 2.
Published by CRC Ltd., Watford, UK.
CIRIA (1999)
Review of the design and management of constructed wetlands. pp 268, CIRIA Report 180, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, UK
Cooper, P F [Editor] (1990)
European Design and Operation Guidelines for Reed Bed Treatment Systems. pp 37, prepared for the European Community/ European Water Pollution Control Association Emergent Hydrophyte Treatment system Expert Contact Group. Published by WRc as Report UI 17, December, 1990.
[These were the guidelines prepared by an EU group. More up-to-date guidance is given in the 1996 book published by WRc below]
Kadlec R H, and Knight, R L (1996)
Treatment wetlands. [1st edition], pp 893, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
[this is the best source for USA-style treatment wetlands which largely use converted natural wetlands as Tertiary Treatment systems. There is a 2nd edition published about 2002]
Vymazal, J, Brix, H, Cooper, P F, Green, M B, and Haberl, R (1998)
Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Europe, pp 366 Backhuys Publishers, Leiden,
The Netherlands
Vymazal, J [Editor] (2001)
Transformations of Nutrients in Natural and Constructed Wetlands, pp 519. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
Vymazal, J [Editor] (2003)
Wetlands- nutrients, metals and mass cycling, pp 374. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
Vymazal, J [Editor] (2005)
Natural and Constructed Wetlands- nutrients, metals and management, pp 417. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
Sludge Drying Reed Beds Cooper, P F, Cooper, D J, Edwards, J and Biddlestone, J (2003)
Treatment of sludges from sewage and agricultural wastewaters in sludge drying reed beds. pp 201-213 in Wetlands- nutrients, metals and mass cycling, Vymazal, J [Editor], Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
Nielsen, S (2003)
Sludge drying reed beds
Water Science and Technology, Volume 48, No. 5, pp 101-109, October, 2003
Treatment of sludges from sewage and agricultural wastewaters in sludge drying reed beds. pp 201-213 in Wetlands- nutrients, metals and mass cycling, Vymazal, J [Editor], Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
Nielsen, S (2003)
Sludge drying reed beds
Water Science and Technology, Volume 48, No. 5, pp 101-109, October, 2003
Minewater Treatment
Brown, M, Barley, B and Wood, H (2002)
Minewater treatment: Technology, Application and Policy. pp 453
IWA Publishing, London, UK, 2002
Younger, P L (1997)
Minewater treatment using Wetlands
Proceedings of a National conference held September, 1997 at the University of Newcastle. Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, London, UK. pp 189, 1997
Younger, P L, Banwart, S A, Hedin, R S (2002)
Mine Water: Hydrology,Pollution, Remediation
n. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, UK.
Batty, L C and Younger, P L (2004)
The use of waste materials in the passive remediation of mine water pollution. Surveys in Geophysics Volume 25,pp55-67
Paul Cooper
21 February, 2008